Non-invasive write · writes
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method in which a coil on the scalp sends pulsed magnetic fields that induce electric fields in the brain. It writes by altering neurons' membrane potentials and can trigger action potentials, mostly in superficial axons and cortical interneurons near the strongest field, and not in deep structures like the basal ganglia or thalamus. It reads indirectly: when aimed at motor cortex, muscle recordings measure motor-evoked potentials as an index of its effects. Repeated stimulation can cause longer-lasting changes and is used as therapy.
TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) is noninvasive brain stimulation in which pulsed current in a coil held on the scalp creates a pulsed magnetic field. That field induces an electric field in the brain tissue, which alters neuronal membrane potentials and can evoke action potentials. Action potentials are evoked preferentially near the electric-field maxima, whose location is set by coil geometry and placement, in superficial axons and in cortical interneurons that feed pyramidal cells, and not in the deep basal ganglia or thalamus. Single and paired pulses are used to probe brain function. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) produces longer-lasting changes in activity and is used therapeutically, with a hand-held or helmet-like coil; a typical initial treatment course is 20–30 daily sessions, five days a week for 4–6 weeks, each lasting 3–45 minutes.
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