sEEG

Electrophysiology · reads and writes

Stereo-EEG is an invasive method that implants thin, cylindrical electrodes into the brain with stereotactic guidance, reaching deep, folded and both-sided regions without an open craniotomy, sometimes alongside surface grids. Each electrode records the summed electrical fields (local field potentials) of nearby neurons, and a high-frequency broadband part of that signal correlates with the averaged firing of thousands of nearby neurons. Before surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy it helps locate where seizures start and map nearby function, and the electrodes can also deliver constant-current, charge-balanced electrical pulses.

Spatial resolution

1.8–3 mm (two-source)

Temporal resolution

2–4 ms (recoverable timing)

Field of view

1.86–5.65 cm³ (sensing envelope)

Reads

local field potential; high-frequency broadband activity

Writes

electrical pulses delivered via implanted intracranial electrodes to the targeted neuronal population

Destructive?

minimally destructive

Prerequisites

surgery: Stereotactic depth-electrode implantation via twist-drill holes (bolts require sufficient skull thickness), by the Talairach method along orthogonal or oblique trajectories, sometimes combined with craniotomy for subdural grids.; anesthesia: General anesthesia in the operating room during implantation.; other: Pre-operative MRI for stereotactic planning and post-implant CT (fused to MRI) to confirm electrode placement and rule out hemorrhage; wired inpatient monitoring continues for days to weeks until seizures are captured, then electrodes are surgically removed.

Theoretical spatial resolution

1 mm (two-source)

Description

Stereo-EEG (sEEG) is invasive intracranial EEG that uses stereotactically implanted, thin cylindrical depth electrodes to penetrate the brain and reach deep, sulcal and bilateral sites without open craniotomy, either alone or combined with subdural surface grids. Each electrode records the summed local field potentials of the neuronal population near its contacts; oscillatory-band activity in that signal is accompanied by high-frequency broadband activity that correlates with the averaged spiking of thousands of nearby neurons. Clinically, sEEG is used presurgically in drug-resistant epilepsy to localize the epileptogenic zone and map related functional cortex, and implanted electrodes can also deliver constant-current, charge-balanced stimulation pulses to the targeted population.

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