Implanted & surgical write · writes
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is the writing of small charge-balanced, current-controlled electrical pulses into brain tissue through microelectrode arrays implanted in the cortex. ICMS itself measures nothing; the outcome assessed is the evoked percept. In somatosensory cortex this is an artificial touch whose location follows the electrode and whose intensity follows pulse frequency and amplitude, and such stimulation can partially restore tactile feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands. In a visual-prosthesis feasibility study, arrays in visual cortex evoked phosphenes in a blind participant.
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is the delivery of small current-controlled, charge-balanced pulses into the cortex through implanted microelectrode arrays. In primary somatosensory cortex it evokes discriminable artificial tactile sensations and can partially restore tactile feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands. The percept's location depends on the electrode's location, and its intensity on the pulse frequency and amplitude. Overlapping projected fields from several electrodes produce more localizable and intense sensations. In a feasibility study of a visual prosthesis, untethered wireless floating microelectrode arrays (25 arrays with 400 electrodes, or 32 arrays with 512 electrodes) in dorsolateral visual cortex evoked phosphenes; electrodes with measurable single-electrode thresholds needed about 4 to 59 µA, and a blind participant distinguished gratings as fine as 2.4 cycles per degree.
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